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      <td><p class="toc level1"><a href="docinfo.html">Document Information</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gexaf.html">Preface</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gfirp.html">Part&nbsp;I&nbsp;Introduction</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaaw.html">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Overview</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gfiud.html">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using the Tutorial Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnadp.html">Part&nbsp;II&nbsp;The Web Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnadr.html">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started with Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="geysj.html">Web Applications</a></p>
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<p class="toc level3"><a href="">Web Application Life Cycle</a></p>
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<p class="toc level3"><a href="bnadx.html">Web Modules</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnadx.html#bnadz">Packaging Web Modules</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaea">Deploying a WAR File</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaeb">Setting the Context Root</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaec">Deploying a Packaged Web Module</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaeh">Testing Deployed Web Modules</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaei">Listing Deployed Web Modules</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaej">Updating Web Modules</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaek">Updating a Packaged Web Module</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaem">Dynamic Reloading</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnadx.html#bnaen">Undeploying Web Modules</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnaeo.html">Configuring Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaep">Mapping URLs to Web Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaeq">Setting the Component Alias</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaer">Declaring Welcome Files</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaes">Setting Initialization Parameters</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaet">Mapping Errors to Error Screens</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaeu">Declaring Resource References</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaew">Declaring a Reference to a Resource</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnaeo.html#bnaex">Declaring a Reference to a Web Service</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnaey.html">Duke's Bookstore Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="bnaez.html">Accessing Databases from Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnaez.html#bnafa">Populating the Example Database</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnaez.html#bnafb">Creating a Data Source in the Application Server</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnafc.html">Further Information about Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2 tocsp"><a href="bnafd.html">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Servlet Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnagx.html">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Pages Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnajo.html">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Pages Documents</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnakc.html">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnalj.html">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;Custom Tags in JSP Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaon.html">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;Scripting in JSP Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaph.html">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaqz.html">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using JavaServer Faces Technology in JSP Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnatx.html">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnavg.html">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;Creating Custom UI Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnawo.html">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaxu.html">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnayk.html">Part&nbsp;III&nbsp;Web Services</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnayl.html">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;Building Web Services with JAX-WS</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnazf.html">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;Binding between XML Schema and Java Classes</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbdv.html">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;Streaming API for XML</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbhf.html">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;SOAP with Attachments API for Java</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnblr.html">Part&nbsp;IV&nbsp;Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbls.html">20.&nbsp;&nbsp;Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbnb.html">21.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started with Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnboc.html">22.&nbsp;&nbsp;Session Bean Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbpk.html">23.&nbsp;&nbsp;A Message-Driven Bean Example</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnbpy.html">Part&nbsp;V&nbsp;Persistence</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbpz.html">24.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to the Java Persistence API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbrl.html">25.&nbsp;&nbsp;Persistence in the Web Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbrs.html">26.&nbsp;&nbsp;Persistence in the EJB Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbtg.html">27.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Java Persistence Query Language</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnbwi.html">Part&nbsp;VI&nbsp;Services</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbwj.html">28.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Security in the Java EE Platform</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbyk.html">29.&nbsp;&nbsp;Securing Java EE Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncas.html">30.&nbsp;&nbsp;Securing Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncdq.html">31.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Java Message Service API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncgv.html">32.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java EE Examples Using the JMS API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncih.html">33.&nbsp;&nbsp;Transactions</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncjh.html">34.&nbsp;&nbsp;Resource Connections</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncjx.html">35.&nbsp;&nbsp;Connector Architecture</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnckn.html">Part&nbsp;VII&nbsp;Case Studies</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncko.html">36.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Coffee Break Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnclz.html">37.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Duke's Bank Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gexbq.html">Part&nbsp;VIII&nbsp;Appendixes</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncno.html">A.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Encoding Schemes</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncnq.html">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;Preparation for Java EE Certification Exams</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncnt.html">C.&nbsp;&nbsp;About the Authors</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="idx-1.html">Index</a></p>
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<a name="bnadu"></a><h3>Web Application Life Cycle</h3>
<p>A web application consists of web components, static resource files such as images,
and helper classes and libraries. The web container provides many supporting services that
enhance the capabilities of web components and make them easier to develop. However,
because a web application must take these services into account, the process for
creating and running a web application is different from that of traditional stand-alone
Java classes. </p><p>The process for creating, deploying, and executing a web application can be summarized
as follows:</p>
<ol><li><p>Develop the web component code.</p></li>
<li><p>Develop the web application deployment descriptor.</p></li>
<li><p>Compile the web application components and helper classes referenced by the components.</p></li>
<li><p>Optionally package the application into a deployable unit.</p></li>
<li><p>Deploy the application into a web container.</p></li>
<li><p>Access a URL that references the web application.</p></li></ol>
<p>Developing web component code is covered in the later chapters. Steps 2 through
4 are expanded on in the following sections and illustrated with a Hello,
World-style presentation-oriented application. This application allows a user to enter a name into
an HTML form (<a href="#bnadv">Figure&nbsp;3-3</a>) and then displays a greeting after the name
is submitted (<a href="#bnadw">Figure&nbsp;3-4</a>).</p><a name="bnadv"></a><h6>Figure&nbsp;3-3 Greeting Form</h6><img src="figures/web-greetingForm.gif" alt="Screen capture of Duke's greeting, "Hello, my name is Duke. What's yours?" Includes a text field for your name and Submit and Reset buttons." width="662" height="377"></img><a name="bnadw"></a><h6>Figure&nbsp;3-4 Response</h6><img src="figures/web-response.gif" alt="Screen capture of Duke's response, "Hello, Charlie!"" width="662" height="377"></img><p><a name="indexterm-169"></a><a name="indexterm-170"></a><a name="indexterm-171"></a><a name="indexterm-172"></a>The Hello application contains two web components that generate the greeting and the
response. This chapter discusses two versions of the application: a JSP version called
<tt>hello1</tt>, in which the components are implemented by two JSP pages (<tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/javaeetutorial5/examples/web/hello1/web/index.jsp</tt> and
<tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/javaeetutorial5/examples/web/hello1/web/response.jsp</tt>) and a servlet version called <tt>hello2</tt>, in which the components are implemented
by two servlet classes (<tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/javaeetutorial5/examples/web/hello2/src/servlets/GreetingServlet.java</tt> and <tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/javaeetutorial5/examples/web/hello2/src/servlets/ResponseServlet.java</tt>). The two versions are used
to illustrate tasks involved in packaging, deploying, configuring, and running an application that
contains web components. The section <a href="gfiud.html">Chapter&nbsp;2, Using the Tutorial Examples</a> explains how to get the code for these
examples. </p><p>After you install the tutorial bundle, the source code for the examples is
in the following directories:</p>
<ul><li><p><tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/javaeetutorial5/examples/web/hello1/</tt></p></li>
<li><p><tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/javaeetutorial5/examples/web/hello2/</tt></p></li></ul>

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